47 ud af 47 tidsskrifter valgt, søgeord (hepatitis B, hepatitis C, HBV, HCV, direct acting agent, stikuheld) valgt, emner højest 30 dage gamle, sorteret efter nyeste først.
25 emner vises.
1
Investigating factors associated to HBV/HIV co-infected patients in antiretroviral treatment clinic, in Northeast Ethiopia
BMC Infectious Diseases, 2.05.2024
Tilføjet 2.05.2024
Abstract Background Existing research in Ethiopia has primarily focused on the individual epidemiology of HIV and HBV, often overlooking the intricate dynamics of co-infection. This study aims to address this gap by comprehensively exploring the prevalence of HBV and HIV co-infection and the associated factors influencing co-infection rates within the specific context of ART clinics. The existing study provides limited insights into the unique challenges posed by this dual infection in the Ethiopian population receiving ART. Methods An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted among people living with HIV aged 18 years and above attending ART clinics in northeast Ethiopia from April to May 2022. A sample size of 350(97% response rate) participants was selected by using a systematic random sampling method. Data were collected using a pre-tested interviewer-administered structured questionnaire. Data was entered into Epi Data version software and was exported to SPSS version 25 for further analysis. Descriptive statistics using Frequency, proportion, and summary measures were done. Binary logistic regressions were done to identify independent variables associated with HBV infection among HIV patients. A P-value less than 0.05 and adjusted odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval non-inclusive of one was considered statistically significant. Results The prevalence of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen (HBsAg) was identified constituting 7.14% of the study population. Females [AOR] 0.14; 95% Confidence Interval [CI] [0.041–0.478]). Participants with an educational status of only reading and writing (AOR 8.7; 95% CI [1.143–66.5]). Single individuals (AOR 2.04; 95% CI [1.346–28.6]) were associated factors. Moreover, participants with a viral load exceeding 1000 copies/ml were 6.5 times more likely to be infected with HBV compared to those with undetectable viral loads (AOR 6.53, 95% CI [1.87–22.72]). Additionally, individuals with a CD4 count ranging from 351 to 500 cells/ml were 1.2 times more likely to be infected with HBV compared to those with a CD4 count of 500 cells/ml or above (AOR 10.4, 95% CI [1.28-85]). Conclusion The prevalence of HBV infection was found to be intermediate in HIV-infected patients in the study area. Being male, marital status of single and divorced, educational level was only read and written, current viral load of > 1000 copies/ml &
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2
Hepatitis C virus subtype diversity and transmission clusters characteristics among drug users in Zhuhai, South China
BMC Infectious Diseases, 30.04.2024
Tilføjet 30.04.2024
Abstract Background Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection poses a major public health challenge globally, especially among injecting drug users. China has the world’s largest burden of HCV infections. However, little is known about the characteristics of transmission networks among drug user populations. This study aims to investigate the molecular epidemiology and transmission characteristics of HCV infections among drug users in Zhuhai, a bustling port city connecting Mainland China and its Special Administrative Regions. Methods Participants enrolled in this study were drug users incarcerated at Zhuhai’s drug rehabilitation center in 2015. Their sociodemographic and behavioral information, including gender, promiscuity, drug use method, and so forth, was collected using a standardized questionnaire. Plasmas separated from venous blood were analyzed for HCV infection through ELISA and RT-PCR methods to detect anti-HCV antibodies and HCV RNA. The 5’UTR fragment of the HCV genome was amplified and further sequenced for subtype identifications and phylogenetic analysis. The phylogenetic tree was inferred using the Maximum Likelihood method based on the Tamura-Nei model, and the transmission cluster network was constructed using Cytoscape3.8.0 software with a threshold of 0.015. Binary logistic regression models were employed to assess the factors associated with HCV infection. Results The overall prevalence of HCV infection among drug users was 44.37%, with approximately 19.69% appearing to clear the HCV virus successfully. Binary logistic regression analysis revealed that those aged over 40, engaging in injecting drug use, and being native residents were at heightened risk for HCV infection among drug user cohorts. The predominant HCV subtypes circulating among those drug users were 6a (60.26%), followed by 3b (16.7%), 3a (12.8%), 1b (6.41%) and 1a (3.85%), respectively. Molecular transmission network analysis unveiled the presence of six transmission clusters, with the largest propagation cluster consisting of 41 individuals infected with HCV subtype 6a. Furthermore, distinct transmission clusters involved eight individuals infected with subtype 3b and seven with subtype 3a were also observed. Conclusion The genetic transmission networks revealed a complex transmission pattern among drug users in Zhuhai, emphasizing the imperative for a targeted and effective intervention strategy to mitigate HCV dissemination. These insights are pivotal for shaping future national policies on HCV screening, treatment, and prevention in port cities.
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3
Integrated Hepatitis C–Opioid Use Disorder Care Through Telemedicine
Journal of the American Medical Association, 29.04.2024
Tilføjet 29.04.2024
This study discusses whether facilitated telemedicine for hepatitis C treatment increases cure rates compared with standard-of-care referral to hepatitis specialists.
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4
HIV-1 Resistance Analysis of Participants With HIV-1 and Hepatitis B Initiating Therapy With Bictegravir/Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Alafenamide or Dolutegravir Plus Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate: A Subanalysis of ALLIANCE Data
D’Antoni, Michelle L.; Andreatta, Kristen; Chang, Silvia; Cox, Stephanie; Hindman, Jason T.; Avihingsanon, Anchalee; Martin, Hal; VanderVeen, Laurie A.; Callebaut, Christian
Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 29.04.2024
Tilføjet 29.04.2024
Background: In the Phase 3 ALLIANCE study, both bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (B/F/TAF) and dolutegravir plus emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (DTG + F/TDF) achieved high rates of HIV-1 RNA suppression through Week 96 in adults with HIV-1 and hepatitis B virus (HBV) initiating treatment (NCT03547908). Here, we quantify preexisting HIV-1 resistance, evaluate its effect on HIV-1 virologic suppression, and describe postbaseline HIV-1 resistance through Week 96. Methods: Preexisting HIV-1 resistance was assessed by historical and/or screening genotyping. HIV-1 RNA suppression to
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5
Hepatitis C treatment outcomes among people who inject drugs experiencing unstable versus stable housing: Systematic review and meta-analysis
Sarah Kimball, Marley Reynoso, Courtney McKnight, Don Des Jarlais
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 27.04.2024
Tilføjet 27.04.2024
by Sarah Kimball, Marley Reynoso, Courtney McKnight, Don Des Jarlais Background The prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) among people who inject drugs (PWID) is between 50–70%. Prior systematic reviews demonstrated that PWID have similar direct acting antiviral treatment outcomes compared to non-PWID; however, reviews have not examined treatment outcomes by housing status. Given the links between housing and health, identifying gaps in HCV treatment can guide future interventions. Methods We conducted a systematic review using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. We searched six databases for articles from 2014 onward. Two reviewers conducted title/abstract screenings, full-text review, and data extraction. We extracted effect measures for treatment initiation, adherence, completion, success, and reinfection by housing status. Studies underwent quality and certainty assessments, and we performed meta-analyses as appropriate. Results Our search yielded 473 studies, eight of which met inclusion criteria. Only the treatment initiation outcome had sufficient measures for meta-analysis. Using a random-effects model, we found those with unstable housing had 0.40 (0.26, 0.62) times the odds of initiating treatment compared to those with stable housing. Other outcomes were not amenable for meta-analysis due to a limited number of studies or differing outcome definitions. Conclusions Among PWID, unstable housing appears to be a barrier to HCV treatment initiation; however, the existing data is limited for treatment initiation and the other outcomes we examined. There is a need for more informative studies to better understand HCV treatment among those with unstable housing. Specifically, future studies should better define housing status beyond a binary, static measure to capture the nuances and complexity of housing and its subsequent impact on HCV treatment. Additionally, researchers should meaningfully consider whether the outcome(s) of interest are being accurately measured for individuals experiencing unstable housing.
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6
Hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus affect mitochondrial function through different metabolic pathways, explaining virus-specific clinical features of chronic hepatitis
Journal of Infectious Diseases, 25.04.2024
Tilføjet 25.04.2024
Abstract Background Hepatitis C virus (HCV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) cause chronic hepatitis with important clinical differences. HCV causes hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance, while HBV confers increased risk of liver cancer. We hypothesised these differences may be due to virus-specific effects on mitochondrial function.Methods Seahorse technology was utilised to investigate effects of virus infection on mitochondrial function. Cell based assays were used to measure mitochondrial membrane potential and quantify pyruvate and lactate. Mass spectrometry was performed on mitochondria isolated from HBV expressing, HCV infected and control cells cultured with isotope-labelled amino acids, to identify proteins with different abundance. Altered expression of key mitochondrial proteins was confirmed by real time PCR and western blot.Results Reduced mitochondrial function and ATP production were observed with HCV infection and HBV expression. HCV impairs glycolysis and reduces expression of genes regulating fatty acid oxidation, promoting lipid accumulation. HBV causes lactate accumulation by increasing expression of lactate dehydrogenase A, which converts pyruvate to lactate. In HBV expressing cells there was marked enrichment of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase, inhibiting conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA and thereby reducing its availability for mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation.Conclusions HCV and HBV impair mitochondrial function and reduce ATP production. HCV reduces acetyl-CoA availability for energy production by impairing fatty acid oxidation, causing lipid accumulation and hepatic steatosis. HBV has no effect on fatty oxidation but reduces acetyl-CoA availability by disrupting pyruvate metabolism. This promotes lactic acidosis and oxidative stress, increasing the risk of disease progression and liver cancer.
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7
Noninvasive tests maintain high accuracy for advanced fibrosis in chronic hepatitis B patients with different nomenclatures of steatotic liver disease
Lin Chen, Xuemei Tao, Minghui Zeng, Yuqin Li, Jiaxin Han, Yuekui Wang, Yonggang Liu, Ruifang Shi, Rui Su, Liang Xu, Yuqiang Mi
Journal of Medical Virology, 19.04.2024
Tilføjet 19.04.2024
8
Forecasting Hepatitis C Virus Status for Children in the United States: A Modeling Study
Clinical Infectious Diseases, 18.04.2024
Tilføjet 18.04.2024
Abstract Background Virtually all cases of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in children in the United States occur through vertical transmission, but it is unknown how many children are infected. Cases of maternal HCV infection have increased in the United States, which may increase the number of children vertically infected with HCV. Infection has long-term consequences for a child\'s health, but treatment options are now available for children ≥3 years old. Reducing HCV infections in adults could decrease HCV infections in children.Methods Using a stochastic compartmental model, we forecasted incidence of HCV infections in children in the United States from 2022 through 2027. The model considered vertical transmission to children
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9
Clinical outcomes of treatment-naïve HBeAg-negative patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection with low serum HBsAg and undetectable HBV DNA
Jian WangLi ZhuShaoqiu ZhangZhiyi ZhangTao FanFei CaoYe XiongYifan PanYuanyuan LiChao JiangShengxia YinXin TongYali XiongJuan XiaXiaomin YanYong LiuXingxiang LiuYuxin ChenJie LiChuanwu ZhuChao WuRui Huanga Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of Chinab Institute of Viruses and Infectious Diseases, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of Chinac Department of Infectious Diseases, The Affiliated Infectious Diseases Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People’s Republic of Chinad Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People’s Republic of Chinae Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of Chinaf Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Jiangsu University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of Chinag Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of Chinah Department of Clinical Laboratory, Huai’an No. 4 People’s Hospital, Huai’an, People’s Republic of China
Emerg Microbes Infect, 17.04.2024
Tilføjet 17.04.2024
10
Circulating HBV RNA and hepatitis B core-related antigen trajectories in persons with HIV/HBV coinfection and HBsAg loss on tenofovir therapy
Journal of Infectious Diseases, 17.04.2024
Tilføjet 17.04.2024
Abstract Background We evaluated long-term trajectories of circulating hepatitis B virus (HBV)-RNA and hepatitis B core-related antigen (HBcrAg) in persons with and without hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) loss during tenofovir therapy in the Swiss HIV Cohort Study.Methods We included 29 persons with HIV (PWH) with HBsAg loss and 29 matched PWH without loss. We compared HBV-RNA and HBcrAg decline and assessed the cumulative proportions with undetectable HBV-RNA and HBcrAg levels during tenofovir therapy using Kaplan-Meier estimates.Results HBsAg loss occurred after a median of 4 years (IQR 1 - 8). All participants with HBsAg loss achieved suppressed HBV-DNA and undetectable HBV-RNA preceding undetectable qHBsAg levels, whereas 79% achieved negative HBcrAg. In comparison, 79% of the participants without HBsAg loss achieved undetectable HBV-RNA and 48% negative HBcrAg. After two years on tenofovir, an HBV RNA decline ≥1 log10 copies/ml had 100% sensitivity and 36.4% specificity for HBsAg loss, whereas an HBcrAg decline ≥1 log10 U/ml had 91.0% sensitivity and 64.5% specificity.Conclusions HBV-RNA suppression preceded undetectable qHBsAg levels, and had high sensitivity but low specificity for HBsAg loss during tenofovir therapy in PWH. HBcrAg remained detectable in approximately 20% of persons with, and 50% of persons without HBsAg loss.
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11
Clinical outcomes of liver transplantation in human immunodeficiency virus/hepatitis B virus coinfected patients in China
BMC Infectious Diseases, 10.04.2024
Tilføjet 10.04.2024
Abstract Background Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has been able to improve the immune system function and survival of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients. However, Patients coinfected with HIV and hepatitis B virus (HBV) are more likely to develop end-stage liver disease (ESLD) than those infected with HBV alone. Consequently, liver transplantation is often required for these patients. This study evaluates the outcomes of orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) of HIV-HBV coinfected patients in China. Methods We conducted a retrospective analysis on all HIV-HBV coinfected patients that underwent OLT from April 1, 2019 to December 31, 2021 and their outcomes were compared to all HBV monoinfected patients undergoing OLT during the same period. Patient outcomes were determined, including cumulative survival, viral load, CD4 T-cell count and postoperative complications. Results The median follow-up of HIV recipients was 36 months after OLT (interquartile range 12–39 months). Almost all patients had stable CD4 T-cell count (> 200 copies/ul), undetectable HBV DNA levels, and undetectable HIV RNA load during follow-up. The 1-, 2-, and 3-year posttransplant survival rates were 85.7% for the HIV group (unchanged from 1 to 3 years) versus 82.2%, 81.2%, and 78.8% for the non-HIV group. Cumulative survival among HIV-HBV coinfected recipients was not significantly different from the HBV monoinfected recipients (log-rank test P = 0.692). The percentage of deaths attributed to infection was comparable between the HIV and non-HIV groups (14.3% vs. 9.32%, P = 0.665). Post OLT, there was no significant difference in acute rejection, cytomegalovirus infection, bacteremia, pulmonary infection, acute kidney injury, de novo tumor and vascular and biliary complications. Conclusions Liver transplantation in patients with HIV-HBV coinfection yields excellent outcomes in terms of intermediate- or long-term survival rate and low incidence of postoperative complications in China. These findings suggest that OLT is safe and feasible for HIV-HBV coinfected patients with ESLD. Trial registration Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2300067631), registered 11 January 2023.
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12
Clinical outcomes of liver transplantation in human immunodeficiency virus/hepatitis B virus coinfected patients in China
BMC Infectious Diseases, 9.04.2024
Tilføjet 9.04.2024
Abstract Background Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has been able to improve the immune system function and survival of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients. However, Patients coinfected with HIV and hepatitis B virus (HBV) are more likely to develop end-stage liver disease (ESLD) than those infected with HBV alone. Consequently, liver transplantation is often required for these patients. This study evaluates the outcomes of orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) of HIV-HBV coinfected patients in China. Methods We conducted a retrospective analysis on all HIV-HBV coinfected patients that underwent OLT from April 1, 2019 to December 31, 2021 and their outcomes were compared to all HBV monoinfected patients undergoing OLT during the same period. Patient outcomes were determined, including cumulative survival, viral load, CD4 T-cell count and postoperative complications. Results The median follow-up of HIV recipients was 36 months after OLT (interquartile range 12–39 months). Almost all patients had stable CD4 T-cell count (> 200 copies/ul), undetectable HBV DNA levels, and undetectable HIV RNA load during follow-up. The 1-, 2-, and 3-year posttransplant survival rates were 85.7% for the HIV group (unchanged from 1 to 3 years) versus 82.2%, 81.2%, and 78.8% for the non-HIV group. Cumulative survival among HIV-HBV coinfected recipients was not significantly different from the HBV monoinfected recipients (log-rank test P = 0.692). The percentage of deaths attributed to infection was comparable between the HIV and non-HIV groups (14.3% vs. 9.32%, P = 0.665). Post OLT, there was no significant difference in acute rejection, cytomegalovirus infection, bacteremia, pulmonary infection, acute kidney injury, de novo tumor and vascular and biliary complications. Conclusions Liver transplantation in patients with HIV-HBV coinfection yields excellent outcomes in terms of intermediate- or long-term survival rate and low incidence of postoperative complications in China. These findings suggest that OLT is safe and feasible for HIV-HBV coinfected patients with ESLD. Trial registration Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2300067631), registered 11 January 2023.
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13
TRPV4 promotes HBV replication and capsid assembly via methylation modification of H3K4 and HBc ubiquitin
Yu Zhang, Xiaoxue Yuan, Jun Wang, Ming Han, Hongping Lu, Yun Wang, Shunai Liu, Song Yang, Hui‐Chun Xing, Jun Cheng
Journal of Medical Virology, 5.04.2024
Tilføjet 5.04.2024
14
Retraction: “Small Interfering RNA Effectively Inhibits Protein Expression and Negative Strand RNA Synthesis From a Full‐Length Hepatitis C Virus Clone”
Journal of Medical Virology, 5.04.2024
Tilføjet 5.04.2024
15
Vertical Transmission of Hepatitis C Virus Among Women with a History of Injection Opioid Use
Clinical Infectious Diseases, 5.04.2024
Tilføjet 5.04.2024
Abstract We evaluated vertical transmission and linkage to care in women with HCV and history of injection drug use employing co-localized testing and treatment. Transmission occurred in 1 of 23 infants, with mother-infant genetic distance of 1.26%. Rates for infant testing, maternal linkage and cure were 77%, 52%, and 100%, respectively.
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16
[Clinical Picture] Severe reactivation of seronegative occult hepatitis B after chemotherapy for lymphoma
Harrys A Torres, Khalis Mustafayev, Loretta J Nastoupil, Samuel A Shelburne
Lancet, 5.04.2024
Tilføjet 5.04.2024
A 78-year-old man with primary central nervous system lymphoma was transferred to our cancer centre for further treatment. The patient had been diagnosed 3 months earlier after he presented to another hospital with back pain, numbness, and tingling in all extremities; he had two cycles of rituximab and high-dose methotrexate, which had produced a partial response. The patient had also been given dexamethasone for cerebral oedema; his medical history included type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and coronary artery disease.
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17
Trends in immunological markers of transfusion transmissible infections among blood donors in Mamfe District Hospital, Southwest Cameroon
BMC Infectious Diseases, 4.04.2024
Tilføjet 4.04.2024
Abstract Background Blood transfusion is associated with exposure to blood Transfusion Transmissible Infection (TTIs). The threat posed by the blood-borne pathogens is disproportionately distributed in different healthcare facilities in Cameroon. Thus, there is a need for continuous surveillance of TTIs in the country. This study aimed to assess the screening procedure for blood transfusion and determine the trend in immunological markers of TTIs among blood donors at the Mamfe District Hospital. Methods A prospective descriptive, cross-sectional and analytical study was conducted at Mamfe District Hospital from March to May 2022. A total of 165 blood donors were recruited by the consecutive sampling method. Donors were screened using both Rapid diagnostic tests,T. pallidum haemagglutination test and indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of TTIs. Data generated was entered into an Excel spreadsheet and analysed using the statistical software R, version 4.2.0. Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics of percentages, means ± standard deviation, and student t-test was used to compare both diagnostic techniques, and was considered significant when p
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18
Convergent evolution and targeting of diverse E2 epitopes by human broadly neutralizing antibodies are associated with HCV clearance
Immunity, 22.03.2024
Tilføjet 22.03.2024
Publication date: Available online 21 March 2024 Source: Immunity Author(s): Clinton O. Ogega, Nicole E. Skinner, Marta V. Schoenle, Xander E. Wilcox, Nicole Frumento, Desiree A. Wright, Harry T. Paul, Ariadne Sinnis-Bourozikas, Kaitlyn E. Clark, Alexis Figueroa, Pamela J. Bjorkman, Stuart C. Ray, Andrew I. Flyak, Justin R. Bailey
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19
Neutralizing antibodies evolve to exploit vulnerable sites in the HCV envelope glycoprotein E2 and mediate spontaneous clearance of infection
Immunity, 3.01.2024
Tilføjet 3.01.2024
Publication date: Available online 2 January 2024 Source: Immunity Author(s): Nicole Frumento, Ariadne Sinnis-Bourozikas, Harry T. Paul, Georgia Stavrakis, Muhammad N. Zahid, Shuyi Wang, Stuart C. Ray, Andrew I. Flyak, George M. Shaw, Andrea L. Cox, Justin R. Bailey
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20
Histomolecular characterisation of hepatitis B virus induced liver cancer
Adane Adugna;
Reviews in Medical Virology, 11.11.2023
Tilføjet 11.11.2023
Hepatitis B virus (HBV)‐associated liver cancer is the third most prevalent cancer‐related cause of death worldwide. Different studies have been done on the histomolecular analysis of HBV induced‐liver cancer including epigenetics which are dynamic molecular mechanisms to control gene expression without altering the host deoxyribonucleic acid, genomics characterise the integration of the viral genome with host genome, proteomics characterise how gene modifies and results overexpression of proteins, glycoproteomics discover different glyco‐biomarker candidates and show glycosylation in malignant hepatocytes, metabolomics characterise how HBV impairs a variety of metabolic functions during hepatocyte immortalisation, exosomes characterise immortalised liver cells in terms of their differentiation and proliferation, and autophagy plays a role in the development of hepatocarcinogenesis linked to HBV infection.
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21
Virus infection participates in the occurrence and development of human diseases through monoamine oxidase
Yujie Sun; Wen Liu; Bing Luo;
Reviews in Medical Virology, 8.09.2023
Tilføjet 8.09.2023
Monoamine oxidase (MAO) is a membrane‐bound mitochondrial enzyme that maintains the steady state of neurotransmitters and other biogenic amines in biological systems through catalytic oxidation and deamination. MAO dysfunction is closely related to human neurological and psychiatric diseases and cancers. However, little is known about the relationship between MAO and viral infections in humans. This review summarises current research on how viral infections participate in the occurrence and development of human diseases through MAO. The viruses discussed in this review include hepatitis C virus, dengue virus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, human immunodeficiency virus, Japanese encephalitis virus, Epstein‐Barr virus, and human papillomavirus. This review also describes the effects of MAO inhibitors such as phenelzine, clorgyline, selegiline, M‐30, and isatin on viral infectious diseases. This information will not only help us to better understand the role of MAO in the pathogenesis of viruses but will also provide new insights into the treatment and diagnosis of these viral diseases.
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22
Prospects for developing an Hepatitis C virus E1E2‐based nanoparticle vaccine
Eric A. Toth; Alexander K. Andrianov; Thomas R. Fuerst;
Reviews in Medical Virology, 8.09.2023
Tilføjet 8.09.2023
Globally, more than 58 million people are chronically infected with Hepatitis C virus (HCV) with 1.5 million new infections occurring each year. An effective vaccine for HCV is therefore a major unmet medical and public health need. Since HCV rapidly accumulates mutations, vaccines must elicit the production of broadly neutralising antibodies (bnAbs) in a reproducible fashion. Decades of research have generated a number of HCV vaccine candidates. Based on the available data and research through clinical development, a vaccine antigen based on the E1E2 glycoprotein complex appears to be the best choice, but robust induction of humoral and cellular responses leading to virus neutralisation has not yet been achieved. One issue that has arisen in developing an HCV vaccine (and many other vaccines as well) is the platform used for antigen delivery. The majority of viral vaccine trials have employed subunit vaccines. However, subunit vaccines often have limited immunogenicity, as seen for HCV, and thus multiple formats must be examined in order to elicit a robust anti‐HCV immune response. Nanoparticle vaccines are gaining prominence in the field due to their ability to facilitate a controlled multivalent presentation and trafficking to lymph nodes, where they can interact with both arms of the immune system. This review discusses the potential for development of a nanoparticle‐based HCV E1E2 vaccine, with an emphasis on the potential benefits of such an approach along with the major challenges facing the incorporation of E1E2 into nanoparticulate delivery systems and how those challenges can be addressed.
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23
Trends in disease burden of hepatitis B infection in Jiangsu Province, China, 1990–2021
Infectious Disease Modelling, 11.07.2023
Tilføjet 11.07.2023
Publication date: Available online 10 July 2023 Source: Infectious Disease Modelling Author(s): Kang Fang, Yingying Shi, Zeyu zhao, Yunkang Zhao, Yichao Guo, Buasivamu Abudunaibi, Huimin Qu, Qiao Liu, Guodong Kang, Zhiguo Wang, Jianli Hu, Tianmu Chen
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24
Canonical fibroblast growth factors in viral infection
Giulia Lottini; Erika Plicanti; Michele Lai; Paola Quaranta; Mauro Pistello; Giulia Freer;
Reviews in Medical Virology, 10.07.2023
Tilføjet 10.07.2023
Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are a family of proteins that play a crucial role in the development and maintenance of various tissues in the body. There are three function‐al groups of FGFs: canonical FGFs (cFGFs), intracellularly retained FGFs, and metabolic (also called endocrine) FGFs. cFGFs are secreted and act in an autocrine/paracrine fashion to regulate differentiation during foetal development, as well as tissue repair in adults. Recent studies have also begun to unravel the role of cFGFs during viral infections, suggesting that FGF‐2 and other canonical FGFs may have an important virus‐specific role, also by the regulation of the immune response. Because dysregulation in the FGF pathways is pivotal in cancer development, FGFs are the target of many anticancer drugs. These drugs may be repurposed to treat viral infection, since dysregulation of FGF signalling has been implicated in the pathogenesis of viral infections, such as hepatitis C. Overall, the role of cFGFs during viral infection is an underrepresented area of current research. This review focuses on overviewing the effects of canonical FGFs during infection by different viruses. Many studies highlight that the effects of FGFs during viral infection may be complex and context‐dependent. While there is evidence to suggest that FGFs may have a beneficial impact on the immune response and tissue repair during viral infection, further studies are needed to fully understand the mechanisms underlying these effects and to determine in what cases FGFs could be targeted as a therapeutic approach for viral infection.
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25
Diagnostic performance of hepatitis C core antigen assay to identify active infections: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Daniel Sepúlveda‐Crespo; Ana Treviño‐Nakoura; José M. Bellón; Amanda Fernández‐Rodríguez; Pablo Ryan; Isidoro Martínez; María A. Jiménez‐Sousa; Salvador Resino;
Reviews in Medical Virology, 10.05.2023
Tilføjet 10.05.2023
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) core antigen (HCVcAg) assay is an alternative for diagnosing HCV infection in a single step. This meta‐analysis aimed to evaluate the Abbott ARCHITECT HCV Ag assay\'s diagnostic performance (validity and utility) for diagnosing active hepatitis C. PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library were searched until 10 January 2023. The protocol was registered at the prospective international register of systematic reviews (PROSPERO: CRD42022337191). Abbott ARCHITECT HCV Ag assay was the test for evaluation, and nucleic acid amplification tests with a cut‐off ≤50 IU/mL were the gold standard. Statistical analysis was performed using STATA with the MIDAS module and random‐effects models. The bivariate analysis was conducted on 46 studies (18,116 samples). The pooled sensitivity was 0.96 (95% CI = 0.94–0.97), specificity 0.99 (95% CI = 0.99–1.00), positive likelihood ratio 141.81 (95% CI = 72.39–277.79), and negative likelihood ratio 0.04 (95% CI = 0.03–0.06). The area under the summary receiver operating characteristic curve was 1.00 (95% CI = 0.34–1.00). For active hepatitis C prevalence values of 0.1%–15%, the probability that a positive test was a true positive was 12%–96%, respectively, indicating that a confirmatory test should be necessary, particularly with a prevalence ≤5%. However, the probability that a negative test was a false negative was close to zero, indicating the absence of HCV infection. The validity (accuracy) of the Abbott ARCHITECT HCV Ag assay for screening active HCV infection in serum/plasma samples was excellent. Although the HCVcAg assay showed limited diagnostic utility in low prevalence settings (≤1%), it might help diagnose hepatitis C in high prevalence scenarios (≥5%).
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